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    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a method and devices for improving the firing performance and firing properties of guns which accelerate their projectiles by pressurized gases from a pressure vessel or by powder gases from a propellant to high muzzle velocity. For this purpose, the gas column located in the running behind the projectile is locally separated just before the muzzle and shortly before the mouth passage by the switching operation of a valve (600) in two parts before or the next shot for the purpose of gas exchange and pressure relief of the barrel or more throttle valves (DV1, DV2) relaxed and delivered via one or more exhaust ports (A1, A2) to the environment, the closing force for the closing of the valve from the pressure rise and the flow behind the projectile comes from when passing through the valve is created thereby blocking the run and separating the gas column and storing the return energy for the valve in a spring during the shift and the closed valve holding force coming from the pressure and flow forces of the gases flowing through the valve , and wherein the valve (600) by means of the forces from the Fede r (710) opens automatically as soon as the holding forces from the outflowing gas fall below a minimum value.
    公开号:CH710139A1
    申请号:CH01432/14
    申请日:2014-09-22
    公开日:2016-03-31
    发明作者:Dr Martin Ziegler
    申请人:Alpha Velorum Ag；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    The invention relates to a method and apparatus for improving the firing performance and shooting characteristics of guns that accelerate their projectiles by pressurized gases from a pressure vessel or by powder gases from a propellant to high muzzle velocity. These include revolvers, pistols, rifles, cannons, howitzers and mortars. The invention is particularly suitable for guns whose projectiles leave the barrel at supersonic speed. In such weapons, the acceleration energy of the projectiles usually comes from the combustion of a propellant charge. The invention is explained using the example of rifles with caliber .50 and caliber.338 and with supersonic bullets. The principles are further applicable to all other guns.
    Supersonic bullets with caliber.50 and caliber.338 leave the barrel at a speed of about 900 m / s at the mouth, which are over 3200 km / h. This value was determined during firing tests with a 1100 mm rifle barrel for caliber .50 and with a 650 mm long rifle barrel for caliber .338. When the projectile leaves the barrel, the powder gases at the bottom of the bullet are at the same speed as the projectile and are still under high pressure. In the tests, a mouth pressure of over 500 bar was measured for caliber .50, and a mouth pressure of over 1000 bar for caliber .338.
    After these experiments requires a projectile caliber .50 or .338 with triggering the shot less than two milliseconds of time to the mouth. The powder gases then flow supersonically out of the barrel and then expand to atmospheric pressure. This creates the muzzle blast, which spreads as a spherical shock wave on all sides, with their center a good distance in front of the mouth, which is documented by means of high-speed photography. Due to the residual expansion of the powder gases, the projectile shortly after leaving the mouth is overflowed from behind and even overhauled. This allows the projectile after leaving the mouth experience a lateral impulse, which reduces the precision of the shot. In addition to the muzzle blast incomplete combustion of the propellant charge also "muzzle fire" arise in the burning particles in the powder gas cloud in front of the mouth. Finally, the weapon undergoes a recoil because of the momentum conservation, which must be caught by the shooter or by a carrier system. There are thus four essential aspects which adversely affect the properties and performance of a gun:<tb> 1. <SEP> The overflow of the projectile before the orifice from the residual expansion of the powder gases before the run reduces the precision of the shot. This can be further deteriorated by running vibrations, which are excited by the firing pin, the burning of the powder and the weft movement.<tb> 2. <SEP> The residual expansion of the powder gases in front of the barrel results in a muzzle blast with a spherical shockwave that can damage the hearing of the shooter or other nearby humans or animals, and facilitates the location of a shooter by a third party.<tb> 3. <SEP> Luminescent powder particles can cause muzzle flashes that can dazzle the shooter and facilitate third-party detection.<tb> 4. <SEP> The recoil according to conservation of momentum has to be absorbed, which requires considerable effort for larger calibers and places a burden on a shooter.
    According to the prior art, there are various ways to improve the properties of a gun in these four areas:<tb> A) <PRE> The precision of the shot can be improved by designing the bullet tail, by a low-vibration run and by the loading of the propellant charge. The rear overflow of the projectile tail shortly after the mouth can not be reduced thereby. Depending on the outflow and running vibration, the projectile always receives a lateral impulse, which is maintained during the flight and reduces the hit accuracy.<tb> B) <SEP> partial expansion within a series of chambers, each interspersed with a bullet hole. A typical example is known from DE 4 231 183 C1. Here, however, still a significant amount of residual gas occurs with overpressure and supersonic from the mouth and causes an albeit reduced muzzle blast. Within the muffler, the projectile is also overhauled by powder gases, which reduces the precision because the chamber pieces can no longer guide the projectile and within the muffler a lateral offset of the projectile due to the backflow can occur.<tb> C) <ELEMENT> The luminous effect of glowing powder particles can be reduced by a muzzle fire damper mounted in front of the muzzle or integrated into the barrel weapon barrel. Such devices are known for example from DE 8 127 637 U1. These devices only reduce the luminous effect of glowing powder particles, but not the recoil or the sound signature.<tb> D) <SEP> The recoil can be reduced by a recoil brake. Powder gases flow laterally out of the barrel shortly before the mouth and transfer their momentum partly to baffles or a deflection device which deflects the laterally outflowing gases backwards against the weft direction. Such devices are known for example from D 69 604 097 T2. This can reduce the recoil, but not the muzzle flash or the muzzle blast. The precision is also not improved.
    In addition to these examples mentioned, there are numerous other solutions, including combinations that are partly to improve several aspects simultaneously in a device. However, it is disadvantageous in these methods that each of these remedies focuses on improving only one or two sometimes three properties. The object of the invention is therefore to find a method and devices for its implementation which improves all four aspects simultaneously and therefore:Increases the precision and reduces the muzzle blast and reduces the muzzle fire and reduces the recoil.
    Such a method and such devices are not known in the prior art.
    The object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and an apparatus according to claim 3. The invention will be described with reference to FIGS 15:<Tb> FIG. 1 <SEP> Schematic representation of the orifice ballistics of a projectile shortly after leaving the barrel.<Tb> FIG. 2 <SEP> First step to increase the precision of guns.<Tb> FIG. 3 <SEP> Schematic illustration of the first step on a gun.<Tb> FIG. 4 <SEP> Second step to reduce the muzzle blast<Tb> FIG. 5 <SEP> Schematic illustration of the second step on a reel with reduced recoil.<Tb> FIG. 6 <SEP> Overall process to improve all four features.<Tb> FIG. 7 <SEP> Schematic illustration of the entire process on a gun.<Tb> FIG. 8 <SEP> Schematic representation of a switching valve for the process.<Tb> FIG. 9 <SEP> Pressure curve in the gun after the procedure.<Tb> FIG. 10 <SEP> A safety device for performing the procedure.<Tb> FIG. 11 <SEP> Example of a design implementation - Valve open.<Tb> FIG. 12 <SEP> Example of a design implementation - Valve closed.<Tb> FIG. 13 <SEP> Example of constructional design of a valve body.<Tb> FIG. 14 <SEP> Example of constructional design of a valve.<Tb> FIG. 15 <SEP> Schematic representation of the switching action on the valve.
    SECTION A - Basic Thoughts
    The basic idea of the invention is easily understandable with analysis of the mouth passage of a projectile. Physically, the process is similar to a champagne bottle with a "pop" cork - the projectile is the cork, the barrel is the champagne bottle - and at caliber.50 the bottle has 500 bar internal pressure when the cork is out of the mouth comes. The barrel is a pressure vessel of 150 cm3 volume and contains powder gas at a pressure of 500 bar at the mouth of the projectile. This gas volume flows through a muzzle with 1.27cm flow area and expands within 3 milliseconds to about 30 liters volume, it "bangs it". The cause is easy to see: Converted to one second, a volume flow of 30 liters in 3 milliseconds requires a throughput of 10,000 liters per second. At 900 m / s velocity of projectile and flow, however, the mouth can only transport 1.27 cm 2 to 900 m / s, that is 114 liters per second. This value is only slightly above 1% of the required flow rate. The gas must therefore flow in the mouth with supersonic AND overpressure, and reduce the pressure only a little before the mouth. There it comes to the formation of the spherical shock wave whose center lies in front of the mouth, and then overtook the projectile. This can then cause a lateral impulse on the projectile, which reduces the precision of the shot.
    This process is shown schematically in Fig. 1. The graph shows the pressure in run 200 measured over time. At time t4, the projectile 100 leaves the mouth A0 and the gas has mouth pressure p4. The forces from the shot FX and FY put the barrel 200 together with the mouth in vibration. The tail of the projectile 100 is overtaken by outflowing powder gases, which cause a lateral force FP during a duration Δt. This force imparts a lateral movement to the projectile and causes a torque MP from which spin-stabilized projectiles result in additional gyroscopic motions. This results in precession and nutation, which in turn subsequently influence the trajectory and reduce the precision.
    The precision of the shot therefore results essentially from the operations at the mouth passage.
    From this analysis, two simple requirements of the invention arise:<tb> 1. <SEP> In order to reduce the muzzle blast, the powder gas should not flow out so quickly and its discharge pressure must be lowered.<tb> 2. <SEP> In order to increase the precision, the powder gas must not overtake the bullet, the mouth pressure must be lowered, as well as the amount of gas that follows the bullet from the mouth.
    This results in simple requirements for the method of the invention:<tb> A) <SEP> In order to reduce the bang, the powder gas has to flow out with subsonic sound at low pressure.<b> <B> <SEP> To increase the precision, the powder gas must not overtake the projectile and must have a low pressure at the orifice.<tb> C) <SEP> In order to reduce the recoil, the powder gas must flow across the barrel or backwards, as the pulse theorem demands.<tb> D) <SEP> To reduce the muzzle fire, the powder gas must be able to flow out of another orifice, an «exhaust.
    From these requirements, the following approach to the method and apparatus of the invention results:The powder gas must flow out of the barrel at a low pressure with a delay. The pressure must be lowered within the device - so the device must contain a throttle valve.The mouth has to let the projectile through, but as little powder gas as possible - so the mouth needs a switching valve that redirects the powder gas.It should flow as little as possible powder gas from the mouth, so as not to influence the projectile - so the run needs a second «exhaust.The mouth alone is too small for the required gas flow rate with complete expansion of the powder gases. In order to lower the gas pressure within the device and not in front of the orifice, the flow cross-section of the exhaust must match the volumetric flow. The exhaust must therefore be larger than the mouth, and the time for expansion must be stretched. A numerical example should clarify the idea: In the barrel are 150 cm <3> powder gas at 500 bar. These expand to 30 liters volume at atmospheric pressure. If the gas exits the exhaust at 60 m / s and has an area of 125 cm 2, then 40 milliseconds must elapse before 30 liters have flowed through the exhaust. (Recalculation: 60 m / s by 125 cm <2> results in a volume flow of 750 liters per second, 40 milliseconds times 750 liters per second gives exactly 30 liters).The exhaust must be larger than the mouth area for the bullet exit. To make the exhaust not too large, the time for the expansion of the powder gas must be extended. In the case of guns, the exhaust is advantageously laid on the side surface of the pipe, ie on its cylindrical surface, and not on the face where the projectile leaves the mouth. (Note: The exhaust from the sample requires an area of 125 cm. "A circle with this surface has a diameter of 126 mm." It is clear that such an exhaust can not be on the face of the barrel).
    With this background, the method can be developed and described.
    SECTION B - Procedure, first step
    Fig. 2 describes the first step of the method. Thereafter, the run is a pressure vessel DB1 with residual gas, which flows via a flow XF1.0 (XF = exit flow) into a switching valve SV1. In the switching valve, the flow branches into a first portion XF0, which flows through the mouth opening A0, and a second portion XF1.1, which flows through an exhaust port Al. The on-off valve can be open, then nothing flows through the exhaust, or it can be closed, then XF1.1 flows through the exhaust and the rest as XF0 through the orifice A0. The proportion of XF1.1 should be as large as possible and significantly exceed the proportion XF0.
    Fig. 3 illustrates this step schematically from a gun barrel. In run 200 is the projectile 100 and the switching valve SV1 301. It conducts a single gas flow. The switching valve SV1 is located just before the mouth A0, and separates the gas column GS0 in the run 200 into two separate parts GS1 and GS2. The first gas column GS1 is located in the rear part of the barrel 210, which now has the function of a first pressure vessel DB1. It extends from the chamber to the valve. The second gas column GS2 is located in the front part of the barrel 220, which now has the function of a second pressure vessel DB2. It extends from the valve to the bottom of the projectile. Three positions are distinguished, including the switching states of the valve:<tb> 100.1 <SEP> - the projectile is in run section 210 in front of the switching valve. The valve is open.<tb> 100.2 <SEP> - the projectile is in running section 220 behind the switching valve The valve is closed.<tb> 100.3 <SEP> - the projectile flies in the air in front of the estuary. The valve is open again.
    The switching valve is closed as soon as the projectile passes the valve and changes from DB1 to DB2. Then the valve forwards the flow XF1.0 via XF1.1 to the first exhaust A1 410, which advantageously allows it to flow sideways or backwards in order to reduce the recoil.
    Once the valve is closed, the gas column GS1 is discharged from pressure vessel DB1 only via the valve and the exhaust to the outside. The gas volume of gas column GS2 in pressure vessel DB2 is between the bottom of the projectile and the valve. Because the projectile moves towards the mouth it acts as a «piston». As it moves, the column of gas expands and the pressure in container DB2 drops - symbolized by arrow 4. After the projectile leaves the mouth, the contents of pressure vessel DB2 as flow XFO flow out through the mouth and the valve opens again.
    The gas column GSO now no longer passes completely through the mouth to the outside, but it is divided into GS1 and GS2 and flows through two ways:Gas column GS1 flows through a valve through the exhaust to the outside. Here you can now select the time that the gas should receive for expansion. The more time is available, the slower is the speed in the exhaust and the smaller you can make its surface. This can affect the muzzle blast, the muzzle flash and the recoil.Gas column GS2 flows behind the projectile through the mouth. If possible, no gas should flow in through the valve. Then this gas fraction of GS2 expands to the mouth due to the "piston movement" of the projectile. With the length of the pipe section 220, one can influence the orifice pressure.
    Thus, the first step of the method is described: separation of the gas column GSO by a switching valve SV1 in two parts GS1 and GS2, switching the valve with passage of the projectile through the valve, vent the pressure vessel DB1 valve and exhaust, pressure reduction in pressure vessel DB2 through expansion, then vent behind the projectile through the muzzle.
    SECTION C - Procedure, second step
    Fig. 4 describes the second step of the method. In order to reduce the pressure and to influence the Ausströmungszeit now a throttle valve DV1 is inserted before the exhaust. Thus, the pressure in the flow XF1.1 after the switching valve SV1 is lowered and the flow XF1.2 flows to the exhaust Al with reduced pressure. The throttle valve adjusts the time that the powder gas from the pressure vessel DB2 is to receive for expansion.
    Fig. 5 illustrates the second step schematically from a gun barrel. It is identical to the first method step in FIG. 3, with the difference that the gas flow XF1.0 from the first pressure vessel DB1 210 behind the valve 301 via the flow XF1.1 now additionally flows through a throttle valve DV1 510 and at lower pressure the exhaust A1 410 flows in and leaves the system.
    The proportion of the second gas column flows unchanged behind the projectile from the mouth opening A0. A pressure reduction takes place only through the "piston expansion" by the movement of the projectile in the front barrel section 220 to the mouth.
    With this step, the time constant of the expansion of gas column GS1 and its pressure reduction can be adjusted independently of the dynamics of the projectile.
    SECTION D - Procedure, third step
    Fig. 6 now shows the third step of the method. In Figs. 3 and 5, the powder gas between the bottom of the projectile and the valve is shown as the second gas column GS2 located in the front runner 220, that is the pressure vessel DB2 for the tail gas behind the projectile. The powder gas in the second pressure vessel is previously vented only through the mouth A0. Now, the well-known for the pressure vessel DB1 principle of the stepwise expansion via a switching valve, a throttle valve and an exhaust is also extended to the amount of gas in the second pressure vessel DB2. For this purpose, another switching valve SV2 is required, which additionally allows the residual gas from the gas column GS2 to flow off via a flow XF2.0 to XF2.1, and lowers its pressure through a second throttle valve DV2 before it leaves the system through a second exhaust A2. Optionally, the exhaust streams XF1.2 and XF2.2 can then be run together. You then pass through a common exhaust A3 to the outside. Lowering the pressure by means of another throttle valve DV3 upstream of exhaust A3 is possible and is shown as an option.
    Fig. 7 illustrates this third step again schematically on a gun from. Compared with FIGS. 3 and 5, the system now has a two-way switching valve SV2 302, which relaxes the gas column GS2 in the pressure vessel DB2 of the front run section 220 by means of input gas flow XF2.0 and outlet gas flow XF2.1 via a second throttle valve DV2 520, whereupon it is supplied with reduced pressure as XF2.2 a second exhaust A2 420 and leaves this as XF2.3. Optionally, the two pressure-reduced gas flows XF1.3 and XF 2.3 from the gas columns GS1 and GS2 can now be continued together. Here another optional throttle valve DV3 530 can be used in front of the common exhaust A3 430 to further reduce the pressure.
    The decisive advantage of this arrangement is that the projectile subsequent gas amount of the gas column GS2 in the front barrel section 220 is now favorably influenced in two ways:First, the gas pressure in the pressure vessel DB2 is lowered by the forward "piston movement" of the projectile, which reduces the remaining orifice pressure. This process is symbolized by the arrow 4.Secondly, the amount of gas in the pressure vessel DB2 is reduced by the backward gas flow XF2.0 through the switching valve SV2, which reduces both the amount of gas following the projectile in the orifice flow XF0 and its pressure. As a result, the amount of gas following the projectile and its residual expansion before the mouth can be substantially reduced, which decisively improves the precision and reduces the "bang" to a very small fraction. This process is symbolized by the arrow 5.
    The gas column GS2 is thus favorably influenced by two processes: firstly by the piston expansion of the projectile movement (4), and secondly by the rearward flow through the switching valve (5).
    Method and apparatus of the invention can favorably influence all four mentioned aspects of a gun barrel:<Tb> A) <SEP> The muzzle blast is alleviated because the amount of powder gas following the projectile is reduced in pressure and amount, and because the flow velocity of the gas flowing through the exhaust is decelerated to subsonic. As a result, the muzzle blast can be almost completely suppressed.<b> <B> <PRE> Precision is increased because the amount of powder gas following the projectile is reduced in pressure and amount so that it can not overtake the projectile before the muzzle. This eliminates the lateral impulse on the projectile due to the backflow and the precision of the shot increases. In swirl guns, the excitation of the centrifugal motion of the projectiles is reduced by the lateral momentum in front of the mouth.<tb> C) <SEP> The recoil is reduced because the exhaust port is enlarged and can be placed on the cylinder surface of the pipe. Here, the gas can flow out perpendicular to the tube axis, or even with a backward velocity component, which reduces the recoil after the pulse set.<b> D <SEP> The muzzle fire is reduced because the majority of the powder gases flow off the side of the pipe axis through throttles and exhaust and the time of outflow can be extended so that glowing powder particles within the device can completely burn, eliminating the muzzle fire ,
    The combination of all properties in a method and a device is not known in the prior art.
    SECTION E - Valve
    The most important component for implementing the method is a switching valve having the following properties:The valve must close the barrel for a short time. Therefore it needs a valve body or valve flaps.The valve must be open when depressurized. Therefore, it requires a holding force at rest.The projectile must fly through the valve and initiate the switching process. Therefore, bearing points or axes of rotation can not be positioned in the middle of the barrel.The movement of the valve flaps must not cause any mass forces which can excite running vibrations. Therefore, the valve must be symmetrical with respect to the barrel axis and must contain at least two valve bodies.The switching time must be extremely short in order to keep the gas column GS2 as small as possible. Therefore, the switching force for the valve must come from the gas pressure of the pressure vessel.The valve must remain closed for a sufficient time to allow expansion of the powder gases. Therefore, a closing force is required, which must be generated from the pressure vessel DB1.The valve must open safely when pressure equalization is completed. Therefore, it needs a restoring force, which brings the valve body back to the starting position.
    Such a valve is shown schematically in Fig. 8, in Fig. 8. 1 with open switching state and in Fig. 8. 2 with closed switching state.
    The valve has two valve flaps 600 a and 600 b, which are positioned symmetrically to the left and right of the barrel 200. They can rotate about an axis 610 that is perpendicular to the axis. On each side of its axis of rotation, each flap extends parallel to the barrel beam-shaped with the two legs 620 in the direction of the mouth, and 630 in the direction of the cartridge chamber. Both legs include a flow channel 621 and 631, which are separated from each other by a wall 601. The legs 620 and 630 are approximately the same length.
    The two valve flaps 600 a and 600 b are held by a holding force Faund Fbin rest position, which is generated by a prestressed spring 700. It is shown in Fig. 8 only for the upper valve flap (index a). The spring 700 changes between two states during the switching operation of the valve:<tb> 1. <SEP> The valve is open. The spring is only pre-tensioned 700.1, and it keeps the valve open in rest position. Projectile 100.1 is in front of the valve and the valve is not flowed through.<tb> 2. <SEP> The valve is closed. The spring is quite tense 700.2, and she wants to move the valve flap back to rest. The projectile 100.2 is located behind the valve, and the valve is flowed through on both sides sides of powder gas.
    The switching process is triggered by passage of the projectile through the valve, that is the change from 100.1 to 100.2. In the flow channels 621 and 631 now creates a compressive force which generates in each valve body with respect to the axis of rotation 610 in the same direction acting torque. Due to the symmetrical arrangement of the valves whose torques Ma and Mb act in opposite directions, and the valve body tilt in opposite directions from its rest position until the ends of the legs 630 touch at point 638, which ends the switching operation. Due to the tilting process, the previously only preloaded spring 700.1 is completely tensioned and changes to the state 700.2, which increases the restoring forces on the valve flaps.
    In the tilted state of the valve body, the gas column is divided in the barrel. The rear part of the barrel 210 now forms the first pressure vessel DB1, the contents of which flow down through the rear flow channels 631 as flow XFL1, and the front part of the barrel 220 now forms, with the projectile 100.2, the second pressure vessel DB2, whose contents now flow through as XFL2 the front flow channels drain. This creates a pressure-dependent holding force for each valve body, which decreases with decreasing container pressure until the restoring force from the spring 700.2 is greater than this holding force. At this moment, the spring 700 returns the valve bodies 600 to the rest position, the valve opens, and all residual gas from the pressure vessels flows forward from the mouth A0.
    The closing of the valve is extremely short, because the actuating forces and the power for the valve come from the gas with orifice pressure, which may be just before the mouth 500 bar to 1000 bar. Thus, closing times in the range of 1/10 milliseconds can be achieved. During this time, a projectile travels a distance of 90 mm at 900 m / s, depending on the caliber, this is the length of one to two projectiles. Thus, the amount of gas in the front running area 220 remains very small as desired.
    With the closing process, the restoring energy for the rest position of the valve body 600 in the spring 700 is cached. It only becomes free again when the holding force from the gas expansion XFL1 from the rear pressure vessel DB1 has fallen below the force of the tensioned spring 700.2. This provides sufficient time for the gas to expand and to leave the exhaust with subsonic noise, and for the projectile to reach a sufficient distance from the orifice and to escape the area of influence of the residual gases flowing out of the orifice.
    SECTION F - Pressure History
    By the switching operation of the valve and the relaxation of the powder gases via throttle valves, the entire temporal pressure curve in the tube interior of the weapon changes. This situation is illustrated in FIG. 9 with the excellent times t1 to t9 and associated pressure values p1 to p9:<tb> 1. <SEP> The shot is fired - the striker hits the primer.<tb> 2. <SEP> The propellant ignites - the powder burns down.<tb> 3. <SEP> The maximum pressure in the run has been reached.<tb> 4. <SEP> The muzzle pressure in the barrel has been reached. Up to here the pressure course in the course with the invention is identical as in the state of the art. But now the differences begin:<tb> <SEP> a) <SEP> In conventional guns, the projectile leaves the muzzle at p4 and continues to fly in the air. The powder gases flow and expand with a bang in front of the mouth. The pressure in the barrel follows the dashed curve from p4 to p7.<tb> <SEP> b) <SEP> In the invention now closes the valve and separates the gas column in the run in two parts, which flow out differently. The projectile becomes the "piston" for pressure vessel DB2, whose contents also flow backwards via the switching valve SV2. Thus:<tb> <SEP> <SEP> i) <SEP> The flow XF1 from the pressure vessel DB1 follows the curve from p4 to p9, and the throttle valve DV1 lowers the pressure.<tb> <SEP> <SEP> ii) <SEP> Flow XF2 from pressure vessel DB2 follows the curve from p4 to p6 with throttle valve DV2 depressurizing.<tb> 5. <SEP> Mouth transition according to the invention. The projectile leaves the pressure vessel DB2 through the mouth A0 and the residual gases from DB2 flow away. From now on, the projectile will fly in the air. The valve remains closed.<tb> 6. <SEP> Completion of residual expansion of gas quantity from DB2 according to the invention. This time is substantially before t7 because the amount of gas and gas pressure of the residual expansion over the prior art are significantly reduced.<tb> 7. <SEP> Completion of the residual expansion of the powder gases before the mouth in prior art guns. This time is always behind t6, because the amount of residual gas and the residual gas pressure in the course of conventional raw weapons are considerably higher than in the invention.<tb> 8. <SEP> Completion of the residual expansion of the powder gases from pressure vessel DB1 in the rear part of the barrel. The holding force of the expansion flow drops below the spring force of the valve, it opens and returns to the idle state. The residual gas remaining in the barrel expands through the mouth.<tb> 9. <SEP> Completion of residual expansion of remaining gases after valve opening. The time t9 is always behind the time t7, because the powder gases with the help of the throttle valves flow with a delay.
    The switching valve closes at t4 and opens at t8. From the pressure curve, the difference between the invention and the prior art becomes clear:<tb> 1. <SEP> According to the prior art, the powder gases flow from p4 from the mouth. Their expansion takes place on the path p4 to p7 in front of the mouth, causing a muzzle blast.<tb> 2. <SEP> According to the invention, the powder gases flow from p4 in four ways out of the barrel:<tb> <SEP> a) <SEP> The gas from pressure vessel DB1 follows the path p4 to p8 until the valve opens again. The flow XF1 flows through the switching valve and the throttle valve DV1 and supplies the holding force for the switching valve in the closed state.<tb> <SEP> b) <SEP> The gas from pressure vessel DB2 follows the path p4 to p6 until the projectile leaves the muzzle. The flow XF2 flows through the switching valve and the throttle valve DV2, and the pressure in the gas is lowered by the piston movement of the projectile.<tb> <SEP> c) <SEP> As soon as the projectile leaves the mouth, the residual gas from the pressure vessel DB2 flows out of the mouth behind the projectile. This is the path from p5 to p6.<tb> <SEP> d) <SEP> As soon as the switching valve opens again, the residual gas from the pressure vessel DB1 flows freely through the barrel through the opened switching valve and leaves it through the mouth. This is the path from p8 to p9.
    In the invention, therefore, the mouth is flowed through only small amounts of residual gas at low pressure p5 and p8. Their residual expansion then causes no more bang, and their energy is lowered so much that they can not overtake the projectile. The disturbing factor from the rear overflow is eliminated.
    This advantage can not be achieved with guns according to the prior art, not even with upstream tools of known design.
    SECTION G - Safety
    It is obvious that a shot may not be triggered when the valve is fully or partially closed or another malfunction occurred, because a shot at a front locked barrel would destroy the weapon. Therefore, a safety device is required, which tells a control unit whether the valve is properly opened and a shot may be fired.
    Such a safety device is shown schematically in FIG. According to FIG. 10. 1, a shot is possible, as shown in FIG. 10. 2, the control unit must not release the shot.
    For this purpose, the safety device requires a sensor 320 which registers the switching state of the valve 301 or 302 and indicates by means of state information 320.1 or 320.2 a control unit 330 whether the valve is open, the control unit releasing or blocking a trigger 310:In state 320.1 of the sensor, the valve is open and the control unit 330 is allowed to release the trigger 310.In state 320.2 of the sensor, the valve is closed and the control unit 330 must block the trigger 310.
    In the simplest case, the sensor consists of a mechanical display that signals a shooter whether the valve is open. The control unit 320 is then represented by the shooter, who decides based on the display whether he can operate the trigger 310 or not.
    SECTION H - Device
    In the following section the example of a constructive implementation of the method is described in a device which is suitable as an accessory for rifles and small arms. Wherever useful, the functional designations of the elements in the figures are given to facilitate readability. The constructive example shown here is only one way of many to implement the method.
    11 and 12 show an inventive device for rifles with open and closed valve. Fig. 11. 1 shows an outside view with flow information and FIG. 11. 2 is a sectional view with a projectile 100.1 just before the passage through the open valve. Fig. 12. 1 shows the device in section after the passage of the projectile 100.2 with the valve closed and the spring mechanism in the tensioned state. Fig. 12. Figure 2 shows the flow channels of the valve bodies in the tilted state as well as the flows within the device.
    To Fig. 11. 1 :
    In the design example, the device is intended to process the typical gas flow from the mouth of a rifle with a caliber of .50. The pressure vessel DB1 flows to a gas flow XF1.0 with 900 m / s and 500 bar. From the mouth A0 at the end of the pressure vessel DB2 flows a gas flow XF0 with 900 m / s and a reduced pressure of a maximum of 20 bar. In the pipe housing are the exhaust ports Al and A2 for the gas flows XF1.3 and XF2.3, which have flowed through the switching valve and the throttle valves. Here, the flow flows transversely to the barrel axis with 1 bar and 60 m / s, so that the recoil is reduced and no bang can occur. At the top, the stirrup of an unstressed spring 711.1 protrudes from the housing. This can be seen the valve position. The bracket fulfills the function of the sensor 320.1 for the safety device.
    To Fig. 11. 2:
    In the sectional view can be seen the two symmetrically arranged valve body 600.1a and 600.1bin the open state above and below the barrel, which are rotatably mounted about the axes 610a and 610b. Index a denotes the upper valve body, and Index b the lower one. In the open state of the switching valve, the projectile 100.1 can pass unhindered in the course of the valve body. The spring 700 of FIG. 8 is now divided into three individual springs 710 and 720a and 720b. The spring 710 is designed as an unobstructed bracket with straight legs, which couple both valve body form-fitting with each other. It protrudes with its bracket 711 top of the housing of the device and thus additionally serves as an indication of the valve position (sensor 320). When the valve is closed, it later supplies the majority of the restoring force for the two valve bodies. The springs 720 provide the holding force at rest and in addition a proportion of restoring force. When the valve is open, the spring 710.1 is unloaded and the springs 720.1a and 720.1bs are slightly biased. The spring 700 of FIG. 8 is redundant with this construction, which increases the reliability of the switching valve. The throttle valves DV1 and DV2 are designed as perforated pipes, DV1a and DV1b, as well as DV2a and DV2b. They are located above and below the two barrel segments with the pressure vessels DB2 and DB1. The inflow takes place from the valve housing through the front side of the perforated tubes, the outflow across the respective tube axis through the numerous small holes. This ensures a throttling effect. The pipes of the throttle valve DV1 are longer than those of DV2, because the pressure vessel DB2 contains a larger amount of gas than DB1.
    To Fig. 12. 1 :
    The projectile 100.2 has traversed the valve housing, the valve bodies 600.2a and 600.2bs are tilted and the springs 710.2, 720.2a and 720.2bs are tensioned. The valve is closed and the valve bodies are mutually supported at the point of contact. The run is now blocked. The throttle valves 510a and 510b, as well as 520a and 520b are flowed through. The valve state is indicated by the spring clip 711.2, which assumes the function of the sensor 320.2.
    With reference to FIG. 12. 2
    The channels of the two valve bodies are then flowed through by the flows XF1.1a and XF1.1b, as well as XF2.1a and XF2.1b, which supply the gas from the two pressure vessels to the throttle valves DV1 and DV2 at the front. The flow direction is turned by 180 degrees. From the holes of the throttle tubes, the flows XF1.2 and XF2.2 flow transversely to the barrel axis with reduced pressure. The flows XF1.3 and XF2.3 continue to flow through the exhaust ports of the outer tube into the environment.
    The valve bodies 600a and 600b are shown in detail in FIG. They are arranged mirror-symmetrically at the same distance next to the barrel. Fig. 13. 1 shows the valve bodies in a projection, FIG. 13. 2 a longitudinal section through the flow channels.
    Each valve body 600 is designed as a beam element with two legs of approximately equal length 620 and 630, which extend in the direction of travel. Leg 620 points in the direction of the mouth, leg 630 points in the direction of the chamber. Transverse to the barrel, each valve body is mirror-symmetrical. It can rotate about an axis 602 perpendicular to the plane of symmetry and is rotatably mounted on two cylindrical pins 610, which are firmly connected in the center of the beam with the valve body. Both pins have an end face 611 for the positive connection with the return spring 710. The recess 611 can also be designed as a bore. The leg 620 has a recess 624 for the positive connection with the retaining spring 720.
    In the legs of the valve body are the flow channels 621 and 631, which are separated from each other by the wall 601 of the valve body. They are bounded towards the center by the sloped flow surfaces 625 and 635 and transversely through the side walls 622 and 623 and 632 and 633. Mouth side 622 and 623 can also be combined into a single web 626. The rear leg 630 also carries two locking jaws 636 and 637, which block the running diameter in the closed state. The width of the valve body b620 is always smaller than the running diameter in the entire beam area, ie sub-caliber. The width of the valve body b630 in the locking jaw area is always greater than the running diameter, ie over-caliber.
    In the open state, the valve body lies with the latching edge 628 in the valve housing, which limits the rotational movement when opening the valve. When closed, both valve bodies touch each other at the latching edge 638 and support each other, which limits the rotational movement when the valve closes and effects the sealing of the valve with respect to the inflowing gas. The switching process is triggered by overflow of the edge 639. The return operation is effected by spring forces.
    The valve mechanism is shown in FIG. FIG. 14. 1 to 14. 3 show the valve in the opened state, FIG. 14. 4 to 14. 6 in closed condition.
    The valve housing is twice mirror-symmetrical with respect to the running center applied and consists of two housing halves 800Rund 800Lright and left of the middle of the run, in which the pins 610a and 610b of the valve body 600a and 600b are rotatably mounted. In the recesses 805 are the springs 720, which generate the holding force for the open valve by bias. The return spring 710 is not biased at rest and is guided laterally by slots 806, so that the positive connection of the spring 710 is secured to the pivot 610 via the recess 611. The rotational movement of the two valve body 600 is coupled to each other by the positive connection with the two straight legs of the spring 710. When the valve closes, both valve bodies tilt out of the rest position, thereby bending the middle segment of the spring 710. Thus, the tilting movement of the two valve bodies 600 is synchronized. The bending of the retaining springs 720 then additionally increases the restoring force on the valve body.
    The return spring 710 is dimensioned so long that the bracket 711 protrude between the two straight spring legs and the ends 712 of the housing. Thus, the spring 710 can be reached manually from the outside by a shooter to check the safe operation of the valve without disassembling it. The function of the springs 720 and the two valve bodies can also be tested when the spring 710 is pulled out a piece until the positive connection reaches only one valve. By swinging back and forth of the spring 710, the two valve body 600 can then be moved individually and the retaining springs 720 are checked. The process must be repeated on both sides. This ensures safety in the use of the device.
    During a shot, the projectile passes through the inlet opening 801 into the valve housing and leaves it through the outlet opening 802. During the passage, it is guided centrally through the cylindrical side surfaces 804. The valve bodies 600 can pivot in the recesses 807 to the middle of the run, wherein the locking jaws 636 and 637 in the housing recess 803 block the running diameter. The recess 807 is always performed unterkalibrig to guide the projectile during passage through the valve in the side surfaces 804, and the recess 803 is always executed over-caliber to securely block the barrel at valve closing.
    The legs 620 and 630 of the valve body 600 move in the housing 800 in mating recesses 820 and 830 with the openings 821 and 831 and the baffles and deflecting surfaces 822 and 832 with special functions:When the valve is open, the edge 628 of the valve body rests on the edge 828 of the housing. Then, the flow channel 621, with the baffle 822 and the edge 828, forms a forward closed pocket in which some powder gas expands and accumulates upon passage of the projectile. The resulting dynamic pressure then induces the switching process that closes the valve.With the valve closed, the flows XF1.0 and XF2.0 flow through the valve body channels 621 and 631 and are turned 180 degrees, XF1.0 at the baffle 832, and XF2.0 through the tilted valve bodies blocking the barrel and support each other at 638. Subsequently, the flows leave the housing 800 as XF1.1 and XF2.1 through the openings 821 and 831.
    The closing process is highly dynamic, it is shown in FIG. 15.
    In Fig. 15. 1, the projectile is just next to the valve bodies. The housing is still depressurized and the valve body are on the housing edge 828 in rest position. The tail of the projectile is just leaving the first run and an overflow of the projectile begins.
    In Fig. 15. 2, the tail of the projectile has almost passed the axis of rotation of the valve body and is now overtaken within the recess 807 by the flow XF1.0. Two flow branches form:At the front leg 620 of the valve body, in the pocket between the baffle 822, the edge 828 and the channel 631, there is formed a pilot flow XFP which is jammed there so that the pressure in the pocket rises. This creates a torque that tilts the valve body and moves the front leg 620 outwards. Thus, the outflow for the flow XF2.1 is released through the housing opening 821.At the rear leg 630 of the valve body, the edge 639 of the channel 631 is overflowed and the flow XF1.1 begins to flow. This creates a rectified torque that tilts the valve body and moves the rear legs 630 to the center of travel. Thus, the flow in the barrel is increasingly blocked and the outflow for the flow XF1.1 through the housing opening 831 is released.
    As soon as the resulting torques overcome the holding force of the springs 720, the valve bodies begin to tilt. This process is self-accelerating because the flow forces on the valve body grow with increasing tilt angle. Thus, the movement of the following powder gases is used for the closing process and it can achieve very short closing times.
    In Fig. 15. 3, the projectile has almost left the valve housing. On both legs 620 and 630 of the valve body now loads the full pressure. Due to the increasing torque, the tilting process accelerates, and the second flow XF2.0 develops in the direction of the discharge opening 821. The pilot flow XFP decreases again as the tilt angle increases.
    In Fig. 15. 4, the closing process is completed and the barrel is blocked. The flows XF1.0 and XF2.0 flow through the valve body and leave it as XF1.1 and XF2.1 through the openings 821 and 831. The valve bodies touch at 638 and the pilot flow XFP is interrupted.
    The valve opens automatically by the forces of the return spring 710 and retaining springs 720 as soon as the torques of the outflowing powder gases to the valve bodies are no longer sufficient to hold the springs. Then the valve body tilt back to the starting position and any residual gas flows freely through the barrel in the direction of the mouth.
    With this method and apparatus one can improve most guns:<tb> 1. <SEP> The muzzle blast is almost completely eliminated. So the weapon is very quiet.<tb> 2. <SEP> The lateral momentum on the projectiles from the backflow of powder gases near the mouth is eliminated. So the precision increases.<tb> 3. <SEP> The projectile will be guided all the way through the valve and further to the muzzle. So the precision increases.<tb> 4. <SEP> The powder gases slowly flow out of a second exhaust. This is how the muzzle flash disappears.<tb> 5. <SEP> The powder gases flow sideways out of the exhaust. This reduces the recoil.
    In the prior art, no method is known which can realize all aspects in a single device. It should be noted in particular that in known mufflers, recoil brakes and muzzle fire brakes lateral guidance of the projectile is missing and the rear overflow of the projectiles after muzzle passage in supersonic floors can not be eliminated so far.
    List of abbreviations and reference numbers
    [0075]<tb> Index-a <SEP> upper valve body<b> Index-b <SEP> lower valve body<tb> Index-L <SEP> Left valve body<tb> Index-R <SEP> Right valve body<Tb> <September><tb> A.n <SEP> Outflow area or exhaust, n = 0/1/2/3<tb> <SEP> 0 = muzzle<tb> <SEP> 1 = exhaust for flow XF1.0 from pressure vessel DB 1<tb> <SEP> 2 = Flow XF2.0 exhaust from pressure vessel DB2<tb> <SEP> 3 = shared exhaust<Tb> <September><tb> DB.n <SEP> Pressure vessel, n = 1/2<tb> <SEP> 1 = Rear running section to the switching valve<tb> <SEP> 2 = Front running section from the switching valve<Tb> <September><tb> DV.n <SEP> Throttle valve, n = 1/2/3<tb> <SEP> 1 = flow restrictor XF1 from pressure vessel DB1<tb> <SEP> 2 = flow restrictor XF2 from pressure vessel DB2<tb> <SEP> 3 = common throttle valve<Tb> <September><tb> Fn <SEP> Force, n = x / y / a / b / P<tb> <SEP> X = horizontal excitation of running vibrations<tb> <SEP> Y = vertical excitation of running vibrations<tb> <SEP> A = spring force on the upper valve body<tb> <SEP> B = spring force on the lower valve body<tb> <SEP> P = disturbing force on the projectile at the mouth<Tb> <September><tb> GS.n <SEP> Gas column, n = 0/1/2<tb> <SEP> 0 = gas column throughout the barrel<tb> <SEP> 1 = gas column in the rear section to the switching valve<tb> <SEP> 2 = gas column in the front running section from the switching valve<Tb> <September><tb> Mn <SEP> Torque, n = a / b / P<tb> <SEP> a) = Torque at upper valve body<tb> <SEP> b) = Torque at the lower valve body<tb> <SEP> P = Torque at projectile of disturbance force at the mouth<Tb> <September> <September><tb> Pi <SEP> Pressure in the course of time ti, i = 1..9<tb> SV.n <SEP> switching valve, n = 1/2<tb> <SEP> 1 = one-way switching valve<tb> <SEP> 2 = two-way switching valve<tb> ti <SEP> time, i = 1..9<tb> <SEP> 1 = striker hits primer<tb> <SEP> 2 = Powder burns off<tb> <SEP> 3 = Maximum pressure in the barrel<tb> <SEP> 4 = Projectile goes through estuary / state of the art<tb> <SEP> 4 = Projectile goes through switching valve, valve closes / invention<tb> <SEP> 5 = Projectile goes through estuary / invention<tb> <SEP> 6 = Pressure equalization in the pressure vessel DB2<tb> <SEP> 7 = Pressure compensation in the running / state of the art<tb> <SEP> 8 = Valve opens / Invention<tb> <SEP> 9 = Pressure equalization in the pressure vessel DB1 / invention<Tb> <September><tb> XF.a.a <SEP> flow, "exit flow", a.a = 0 / n.m / P, n = 1/2/3, m = 0/1/2/3<tb> <SEP> 0 = flow from the mouth<tb> <SEP> 1.m = flow from pressure vessel DB1<tb> <SEP> 2.m = flow from pressure vessel DB2<tb> <SEP> 3.m = common flow<tb> <SEP> n.0 = before the switching valve<tb> <SEP> n.1 = after the switching valve<tb> <SEP> n.2 = after the throttle valve<tb> <SEP> n.3 = after the exhaust<tb> <SEP> P = pilot flow during closing<Tb> <September><tb> 100.n <SEP> Projectile n = _ / 1/2/3<tb> <SEP> 1 = locally in the barrel and in front of the switching valve<tb> <SEP> 2 = locally in the barrel and behind the switching valve<tb> <SEP> 3 = locally free in the air and in front of the estuary<Tb> <September><Tb> 200 <September> Run<tb> <SEP> 210 - Rear Running Section to Shift Valve<tb> <SEP> 220 - front running section from switching valve<Tb> <September><tb> 300.n <SEP> switching system, n = 1/2<tb> <SEP> 1 = valve open<Tb> <September> 2= Valve closed<tb> <SEP> 301 - One way switching valve<tb> <SEP> 302 - Two-way switching valve<tb> <SEP> 310 - Shoot Trigger<tb> <SEP> 320 - Sensor for position of switching valve<tb> <SEP> 330 - Control Unit<Tb> <September><Tb> 400 <September> Exhaust<tb> <SEP> 410 - Exhaust rear section 210 to shift valve<tb> <SEP> 420 - Exhaust front section 220 from switching valve<tb> <SEP> 430 - shared exhaust<Tb> <September><Tb> 500 <September> throttle valve<tb> <SEP> 510 - Rear Run Part throttle valve 210 to shift valve<tb> <SEP> 520 - Front Running Section Throttle valve 220 from switching valve<tb> <SEP> 530 - common throttle valve<Tb> <September><tb> 600.n <SEP> Valve body, n = _ / 1/2<tb> <SEP> 1 = valve open<tb> <SEP> 2 = valve closed<tb> <SEP> 601 - Partition between channels<tb> <SEP> 602 - Rotary axis<tb> <SEP> 610 - Bearing Journal<tb> <SEP> 611 - Recess for positive engagement with return spring 710<tb> <SEP> 620 - front leg towards the mouth<tb> <SEP> 621 - Flow channel in leg 620<tb> <SEP> 622 - first sidewall<tb> <SEP> 623 - second sidewall<tb> <SEP> 624 - outside of thigh 620<tb> <SEP> 625 - flow area in the channel 621<tb> <SEP> 626 - Center bar made up of side walls 622 and 623<tb> <SEP> 627 - Recess for positive engagement with retaining spring 720<tb> <SEP> 628 - Locking edge for open valve<tb> <SEP> 630 - Rear leg towards chamber<tb> <SEP> 631 - Flow channel in leg 630<tb> <SEP> 632 - first sidewall<tb> <SEP> 633 - second sidewall<tb> <SEP> 634 - outside of thigh 630<tb> <SEP> 635 - Flow area in the channel 631<tb> <SEP> 636 - first locking jaw<tb> <SEP> 637 - second locking jaw<tb> <SEP> 638 - Locking edge for closed valve<tb> <SEP> 639 - Overflow edge<Tb> <September><tb> 700.n <SEP> Spring, n = 1/2<tb> <SEP> 1 = valve open<tb> <SEP> 2 = valve closed<tb> <SEP> 710 - Return spring<tb> <SEP> 711 - Bow<tb> <SEP> 712 - Leg end<tb> <SEP> 720 - Retaining spring<Tb> <September><Tb> 800 <September> valve housing<tb> <SEP> 801 - Inlet Projectile 100.1<tb> <SEP> 802 - Exit Opening Projectile 100.2<tb> <SEP> 803 - Notch for locking jaws 636 and 637<tb> <SEP> 804 - Guide for projectile in valve passage<tb> <SEP> 805 - Retainer for retaining spring 720<tb> <SEP> 806 - Side guide for return spring 710<tb> <SEP> 807 - recess for swinging the valve body 600<tb> <SEP> 820 - Recess for front valve leg 620<tb> <SEP> 821 - Outflow Flow Port for Front Run Section 210<tb> <SEP> 822 - Baffle<tb> <SEP> 828 - Locking edge for open valve<tb> <SEP> 830 - Rear valve leg recess 630<tb> <SEP> 831 - Flow outflow port from rearward run section 220<tb> <SEP> 832 - Deflection surface
    权利要求:
    Claims (9)
    [1]
    1. A method for improving guns that shoot projectiles using the expansion of pressurized gases from a propellant charge or from a pressure vessel, characterized in that located behind the projectile 100 in the barrel 200 and the projectile forward driving and expanding gas column GSO locally shortly before the tread A0 and shortly before the mouth of the projectile at t4 by the switching operation of a one-way switching valve 301 or a two-way switching valve 302 is divided into two parts GS1 and GS2, wherein the gas column GS1 is located in the rear run section 210 extending to the switching valve, and the gas column GS2 is located in the front runner 220, which extends from the switching valve to the bottom of the projectile 100.2 in the run before the switching valve, and wherein the gas quantities of the two parts GS1 and GS2 before the next Shot for the purpose of gas exchange and pressure relief of the barrel 200 in whole or in part over a ode a plurality of throttle valves 500, 510, 520, 530 are released and discharged via one or more exhaust ports 400, 410, 420, 430 to the environment, and wherein the pressure relief of the front runner 220 is completed at a time t6, which is before the time t9 is located at which the pressure relief of the rearward runner 210 is completed, while the time t7 at which a similar conventional gun would be relieved of pressure at the same shot without switching valve after t6 and before t9, and wherein the closing force for the closing of the valve 301 or 302 from the pressure rise and the flow behind the projectile 100 resulting from its passage through the switching valve, whereby the barrel 200 is blocked and the gas column GSO is disconnected, and wherein the return energy for the valve during the switching operation is stored in a spring 700 , and the holding force for the closed valve from the pressure and flow forces of the d Gassäulen GS1 and GS2 flowing through the valve, and wherein the valve by means of the forces from the spring 700 opens automatically when the holding forces from the outflowing gas is below a minimum value.
    [2]
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the maximum velocity of the gases flowing out of the barrel in the exhaust ports is less than 80% of the speed of sound.
    [3]
    3. A device for carrying out the method according to claim 1, characterized in that it is installed in the barrel of the gun shortly before the mouth or the barrel attached to the mouth and connected to this fixed or removable, and a switching valve 301 or 302 with a housing 800 includes, with one or more springs 700 (710, 720) and at least two valve bodies 600 (600a, 600b) symmetrically arranged with respect to the barrel axis, one or more throttle valves 500 (510, 520, 530) and one or more exhaust ports 400 (410, 420, 430), and finally a sensor 320 is present, which indicates the switching state of the valve, wherein the valve body 600 are rotatably inserted into the housing 800 and can block the barrel 200 by pivoting, and thus in two sections Divide 210 and 220, while at the same time release one or more drain openings 821 and 831, through which the gas from the running sections 210 and 220 ge can float alone or separately through the housing 800 via the throttle valves 500 and the exhaust 400 to the environment, and that the spring 700 holds the valve body 600 until the switching operation in the open state and is tensioned during the switching process, wherein the valve body after the outflow of Gases from the barrel from the closed state back to the open rest position.
    [4]
    Exhaust 400 (410, 420, 430) for a device according to claim 3, characterized in that it has one or more exhaust ports 410, 420 or 430, through which the gas from the two run sections 210 and 220 separated or together in the environment can flow after having passed through the throttle valves 500 (510, 520, 530), the total area of all the exhaust ports being substantially greater than the flow area in the raceway.
    [5]
    5. Exhaust 400 (410, 420, 430) according to claim 4, characterized in that the outlet openings are arranged geometrically wholly or partially on the side surface of a tube, wherein the surface normal transverse to the axis or are inclined backwards, and each exit surface through a hole pattern is realized with many similar openings.
    [6]
    6. throttle valve 500 (510, 520, 530) for a device according to claim 3, characterized in that they are designed as tubes in which the gas flows over an end face and flows through a hole pattern with numerous similar openings in the wall, wherein the tube axis is arranged parallel to the axis of rotation, and for each valve body 600a and 600bje there are two tubes to which the gas flows from the openings 821 and 831 and flows off again through the hole pattern in the tube wall with reduced pressure.
    [7]
    7. Valve body 600 (600a, 600b) for a device according to claim 3, characterized in that the valve body 600a and 600b are arranged mirror-symmetrically at the same distance from the barrel axis, wherein each valve body 600 is also constructed mirror-symmetrically in transverse to the barrel, and wherein the Valve body bar-shaped extending in the direction of the axis of rotation and can rotate about an axis 602 which is perpendicular to the axis without cutting them, and each valve body has two fixed pins 610 on which it is rotatably mounted, in the front side recesses 611 for a positive connection are inserted with the spring 720, and the valve bodies have two approximately equal legs 620 and 630, with 620 parallel to the barrel in the direction of the mouth and 630 parallel to the barrel in the direction of the cartridge chamber, and both legs 620 and 630 continue flow channels 621 and 631, can flow through the powder gases, di e are bounded by side walls 622 and 623 as well as 632 and 633 and flow surfaces 625 and 635, with the channel 621 towards the center of travel and the channel 631 towards the barrel outer side, so that the surface 624 points outwards and the surface 634 respectively faces Running center points, and a wall 601, the channels 621 and 631 separated from each other, and the leg 620 has a recess 627 in which the spring 710 engages, and the leg 630 has two locking jaws 636 and 637, which can block the barrel, the width b620 the valve body in the bar area is always smaller than the running diameter and the width b630 of the valve body in the region of the locking jaws is always greater than the running diameter, and wherein the valve body rest in the open state of rest with a locking edge 628 in the valve housing and are tilted so far in the closed state, that the legs 630a and 630b support each other in the middle of the barrel with their locking edge 638 can.
    [8]
    Spring 700 (710, 720) for the device according to claim 3, characterized in that it has two retaining springs 720a and 720b, which engage in the recess 627 of the two valve bodies 600a and 600 and hold them by bias in the open state of rest, wherein the retaining springs in Support housing recesses 805, and that it has a return spring 710 with a bracket 711 and two legs 712 which engage positively in the recesses 611 of the pivot 610, the legs are not biased with the valve open and are bent only by the switching operation of the valve, so that they provide the majority of the return force for the return of the valve in the open state of rest, and wherein the bracket 711 and the legs 712 protrude from the housing 800 so far that they can be operated manually from the outside and visually checked.
    [9]
    9. Valve housing 800 (800L, 800R) for the device according to claim 3, characterized in that it is mirror-symmetrically applied left and right to the axis and the projectile 100 between the rear inlet opening 801 and the front outlet opening 802 is traversed, wherein during the passage is guided by the cylindrical surfaces 804 which are aligned with the barrel axis, and that the two valve bodies 600a and 600b are recessed in the housing and rotatably supported by the pins 610 and can swing in between the recesses 807, which are narrower overall than the barrel diameter the locking jaws 636 and 637 can pivot between the recesses 803, which are wider than the running diameter, and that the valve housing receives the retaining springs 720 in the recesses 805 and the return springs 710 with the slots 806 leads laterally, and that with the valve open, the locking edge 628 the valve body on the Rastk Ante 828 can rest in the valve housing, and that with the valve closed, the gas from the running portion 210 from the opening 801 to the opening 831 to flow and the gas from the running portion 220 from the opening 802 to the opening 821 can flow.
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    US8387299B1|2010-08-10|2013-03-05|Advanced Armament Corp., Llc|Recoil booster for firearm sound suppressors|
    CH34973A|1905-09-02|1906-06-30|Nygaards Gevaerkompagni As|Advanced firearm|
    US1331474A|1919-07-11|1920-02-17|Shaverksha D Master|Gun|US10088260B1|2018-02-26|2018-10-02|Yury Badanin|Bullet suppressor|
    US20200182580A1|2018-04-30|2020-06-11|Peter Todd Williams|Systems and methods for firearm aim-stabilization|
    法律状态:
    2018-04-13| NV| New agent|Representative=s name: TROESCH SCHEIDEGGER WERNER AG, CH |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    CH14322014A|CH710139B1|2014-09-22|2014-09-22|Apparatus for improving the firing efficiency of pipe weapons and gun with such a device.|CH14322014A| CH710139B1|2014-09-22|2014-09-22|Apparatus for improving the firing efficiency of pipe weapons and gun with such a device.|
    PCT/EP2015/071698| WO2016046190A1|2014-09-22|2015-09-22|Method and devices for improving barreled weapons|
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